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Ideal points are estimated using the DW-NOMINATE (Dynamic Weighted NOMINAl Three-step Estimation) scaling procedure, the same method used for the U.S. Congress at voteview.com. The model recovers latent ideological positions from observed roll call voting patterns.
The first dimension typically captures the primary left-right (progressive-conservative) cleavage. Scores range from -1 to +1. In the Korean context, negative values correspond to the conservative bloc (국민의힘 and predecessor parties) while positive values correspond to the liberal-progressive bloc (더불어민주당 and allied parties). This polarity is arbitrary and reflects the alignment procedure described below.
Because each assembly is estimated independently, raw NOMINATE scores are not directly
comparable across terms. To address this, scores are aligned using
legislators who served in multiple consecutive assemblies as bridging anchors. The
aligned score shown in all visualizations reflects this cross-assembly
normalization, making it meaningful to compare ideological positions across the 20th,
21st, and 22nd assemblies.
Roll call voting data was collected from the 열린국회정보 Open API, covering all plenary votes in the 20th (2016-2020), 21st (2020-2024), and 22nd (2024-present) National Assemblies. The dataset includes 2,425,113 individual vote records from 936 legislator-terms.